Cannabis in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Professional medical associations (ACOG, SGGG, WHO) advise against using cannabis during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

TL;DR: THC crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk. Key associations include lower birth weight (~110 g), higher risk of preterm birth, and potential effects on attention and impulse control. CBD during pregnancy is not recommended due to insufficient data.

What Happens in the Body

THC is fat-soluble, rapidly crosses the placenta, and reaches the fetal endocannabinoid system (ECS) from the 14th week of gestation.

THC accumulates in breast milk and can be detected for up to 6 days after consumption.

Current State of Research

Meta-analyses (Gunn 2016, Corsi 2019) show associations with lower birth weight, a higher risk of preterm birth, and more frequent NICU admissions.

The Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study identified attention deficits and academic performance issues in children aged 6–12.

Regarding CBD: Animal studies indicate potential risks, but human data is lacking. The FDA, EMA, and Swissmedic advise against its use.

FAQ

What if I consumed cannabis before realizing I was pregnant?

The statistical risk of a single exposure is small. Stop consumption as soon as you find out, and have an honest conversation with your gynecologist.

Can I use CBD to treat morning sickness?

Safety data is lacking. The SGGG and ACOG advise against it. Use approved alternatives instead (such as doxylamine, ginger, or vitamin B6).